📄 Abstract
The River Nile is a vital water source for Sudan, but it is increasingly polluted. This study evaluated the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of Nile water at the Al-Manara treatment station in Omdurman. Samples were collected before (Sample A) and after (Sample B) treatment and tested for key factors including pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), turbidity, hardness, alkalinity, chloride, ammonia, nitrate, phosphate, major ions, and microbial counts (Total Coliform and E. coli). Results were compared to World Health Organization (WHO) and Sudanese Standards and Metrology Organization (SSMO) guidelines. A paired-sample t-test was used to compare means before and after treatment. The results showed that while most physicochemical parameters (pH, EC, TDS, hardness, major ions, nutrients) for both raw and treated water met acceptable limits, the raw water had dangerously high turbidity (31.9 NTU) and significant microbial contamination (Total Coliform: 2382 CFU/100ml; E. coli: 20 CFU/100ml). The treatment was highly effective, significantly lowering turbidity to 0.96 NTU (p < 0.05) and completely removing detectable coliform and *E. coli* bacteria (p < 0.05). The study concludes that treatment at the Al-Manara station effectively produces safe drinking water but highlights the serious pollution in the raw water source, requiring ongoing monitoring and protection measures
📚 How to Cite:
Kamal Elbssir, Kamla Bashier, Amara Eissa Amara Ibrahim , Mazen Dafallah Al-sheikh , A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RAW AND TREATED NILE WATER QUALITY AT AL-MANARA WATER STATION, OMDURMAN, SUDAN , Volume 13 , Issue 11, November 2025, EPRA International Journal of Climate and Resource Economic Review (CRER) ,