Abstract
Green, blue, and sustainability bonds channel capital to environmental and social projects amid rising climate finance needs. This study compares their definitions, project focuses, issuance trends, market performance, investor profiles, risks, and benefits using 2025 data. Findings highlight green bonds' market dominance, blue bonds' growth in ocean finance, and sustainability bonds' versatility for dual impacts Design/Methodology/Approach This comparative study on Green Bonds vs. Blue Bonds vs. Sustainability Bonds employs secondary data analysis from authoritative sources like ICMA Green Bond Principles, World Bank labeled bond updates, and ICE Sustainable Bond Reports covering 2020-2025 issuance volumes, yields, and project eligibility criteria. Descriptive statistics and comparative tables quantify market shares (e.g., green bonds at 58% in H1 2025), characteristics, and trends, while yield spread calculations measure greenium through basis point differentials against conventional bonds. Regression models evaluate the influence of ESG scores, credit ratings, and macroeconomic factors on pricing, validated with structural equation modeling fit indices such as CMIN/DF below 3 and RMSEA under 0.05, mirroring empirical approaches in the original research. Purposive sampling of 45 representative bonds across types ensures comprehensive coverage, with data triangulation mitigating limitations like sparse blue bond datasets and reliance on self-reported impacts.
Keywords
Green Bonds, Blue Bonds, Sustainability Bonds, SDGs, ESG Finance, Climate Finance, Ocean Economy, Environmental Investment
How to Cite:
Ms. Gundarapu Sai Teja, Dr. R S Ch Murthy Chodisetty , COMPARATIVE STUDY: GREEN BONDS VS. BLUE BONDS VS. SUSTAINABILITY BONDS , Volume 10 , Issue 12, December 2025, EPRA International Journal of Research & Development (IJRD) , Pages: 444 - 451 ,